The characteristics of these communities varied widely. unrivalled of the earliest perfectionist societies was popularly known as the Shakers. Founded in 1776 by Mother Ann Lee, an English immigrant, the Shakers believed that the millennium was at hand and that the sentence had come for people to renounce sin. Shaker communities regarded their male and feminine members as equals; thus, both sexes served as elders and deacons. Aspiring to live kindred the early Christians, the Shakers adopt communal ownership of property and a way of life emphasizing simplicity. Dress was kept saucer-eyed and uniform. Shaker architecture and furniture are devoid of ornament--no curtains on windows, carpets on floors, or pictures on walls--but they are pure and foppish in form. The two most striking characteristics of the Shaker communities were their dances and sobriety from sexual relations. The Shakers believed that religious fervor should be expressed finished the head, heart, and mind, and their ritual religious practices included shaking, shouting, and dancing.
Viewing sexual communion as the basic cause of human sin, the Shakers also adopted strict rules concerning celibacy. They attempted to replenish their membership by admitting volunteers and pickings in orphans. Today, the Shakers have all but died out. Fewer than 20 members survived in the first decade of the 21st century.
Another utopian effort was Robert Owens experimental community at upstart Harmony, Indiana, which reflected the influence of Enlightenment ideas. Owen, a paternalistic Scottish industrialist, was late troubled by the social consequences of the industrial revolution. Inspired by the idea that people are shaped by their environment, Owen...If you expect to get a full essay, order it on our website: Ordercustompaper.com
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